![]() The most common area of injury mandating operation is zone II, given its exposure and lack of protection, but is also the easiest zone to gain operative exposure and control. Given its location, operative exposure is quite difficult to obtain to control injury. It contains the pharynx, distal carotid and vertebral arteries, and distal jugular veins. Zone III spans the area of the neck from the angle of the mandible to the base of the skull. Zone II extends from the cricoid cartilage to the angle of the mandible, containing the distal carotid and vertebral arteries, jugular veins, vagus nerves and their branches, and the trachea and esophagus. Structures here include the trachea, esophagus, brachial plexus, lung apex, thoracic duct, and branches of the great vessels (the subclavian, vertebral, common carotid, internal carotid, external carotid arteries and the subclavian, internal jugular, and external jugular veins). Zone I consists of the thoracic outlet structures located inferior to the clavicles and manubrium, extending cranially to the cricoid cartilage. The neck is divided into three anatomic zones that help delineate injured structures and the need for operative exploration (Figure 1).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |